民法の「嫡出推定」が120年ぶりに見直されることになりました。
見出し：Japan to change 120-year-old paternity rule in civil code
This would mark the first revision of the relevant provision in the Civil Code, which took effect in 1898 during the Meiji Era.
※民法＝civil code/civil law ⇔ 刑法 penal code/criminal law
改定はrevisionの他amendmentも
※paternity=父親であること
嫡出推定は、文字通りに表現するとPresumption of Child in Wedlock
法律上の父子関係を結婚や離婚の時期によって定めるやり方は、DNA鑑定が可能な時代に時代遅れ=outdated/obsoleteとされていました。
女性の再婚100日禁止期間は撤廃されます。男女不平等廃止ということもあり他国ではかなり前に撤廃されていました。
A clause that bans women from remarrying within 100 days of a divorce will be scrapped.
Similar remarriage bans on women have been lifted in other countries to abolish gender inequality.
現在は「離婚後300日以内に生まれた子は前夫の子」となりますが、改定法では今の夫の子とされます。
A 19th-century law automatically recognizes a woman's ex-husband as the father of a child born within 300 days of their divorce.
As per a proposed amendment to the Civil Code, if a mother remarries then her new husband will be considered as the child's father.
家庭内暴力等の問題で子どもが前夫の子となるのを避けるため、母親が出生届を出さず、子供が無戸籍児 an unregistered childとなる問題を解消する目的があります。
There are no government-issued birth certificates in Japan. Instead, when a child is born, a birth notification is submitted to the local municipal office to add the baby to the parents' family register.
Some remarried women have decided not to register the birth of their newborns to local governments, fearing their ex-husbands would be considered fathers.
（for reasons including domestic abuse）This means such babies do not get registered in their koseki (family registration), depriving them of their nationality.
2022年1月時点で、法務省が把握している無戸籍者は825名。大半は上記の理由によります。
As of January 2022, the Justice Ministry was aware of 825 individuals with no family register -- 591 of them apparently because the 300-day paternity law had made their mothers reluctant to submit a birth notification.
『赤ちゃんポスト』で有名な熊本の慈恵病院では、昨年12月に国内初の匿名での内密出産がありましたが、熊本市は母親の名前を無記入のまま赤ちゃん一人の戸籍を作成する臨機応変な対応をするとのことです。
In 2007, Jikei Hospital installed a baby hatch dubbed the “storks' cradle .”（コウノトリのゆりかご）
An underage woman have given the first “confidential birth” under Jikei Hospital’s system that allows women with unplanned pregnancies to remain anonymous.
The Kumamoto city government has decided to allow Jikei Hospital to proceed with its confidential birth system, which lets a baby be registered without the mother's name.
また民法の「懲戒権」＝親権を行う者は監護及び教育に必要な範囲内でその子を懲戒することができる。は、躾の名のもと虐待の口実に使われる可能性があるとして削除され、虐待を禁止する条項が追加されます。
A Civil Code clause recognizing parents’ rights to discipline their children will be deleted, in order to prevent child abuse in the name of discipline.
※disciplineの語源はdisciple（弟子）に教える事。
①訓練、鍛錬、修養 ②規律、躾、風紀 ③懲戒、せっかん ④学科subject学問
動詞①しつける、訓練する ②懲戒する、罰するpunish、せっかんするchastise
Instead, a provision banning parents from taking actions including child abuse, which would negatively affect the healthy growth of children, will be added.
